A sensitivity grid puts one input down the side, another across the top, and the result for every pair in the middle: the monthly payment for each rate and term, the profit for each price and volume.
One formula fills the whole grid if each reference locks the right part:
- the input down the side keeps its column:
$A5;
- the input across the top keeps its row:
B$4;
- fixed inputs are locked both ways:
$B$1.
Excel's Data > What-If Analysis > Data Table builds the same kind of grid; the formula version is easier to audit, because every cell shows what it calculates.