VLOOKUP looks for a value in the first column of a table and returns a value from the same row:
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
lookup_value is what to find, usually a cell like E2.table_array is the whole table, starting with the column you search, for example A2:C10.col_index_num is the column of that table to return, counted from its left edge: 1, 2, 3.range_lookup should be FALSE for an exact match.
Always add FALSE. If you leave it out, VLOOKUP does an approximate match that expects the first column to be sorted, and on unsorted data it can return the wrong row without any warning.
If the value isn't in the first column, VLOOKUP shows #N/A. VLOOKUP can't look to its left; for that, use XLOOKUP or INDEX and MATCH.