Amend replaces the current commit with a new snapshot or message. It is useful for an unpublished typo, but it rewrites the tip identifier. Stage a content fix before amending if the snapshot also needs to change. Do not add an extra repair commit when the request explicitly asks for one corrected unpublished commit. Later lessons handle shared history with revert instead. Inspect the subject and tree after the amendment rather than relying on the command message. The old commit remains available in recent local history, but the branch now points to its replacement. An extra repair commit keeps the old tip as a parent instead, which is a different history shape.